以"《印度之行》的新歷史主義分析"為例探討英美文學(xué)論文摘要范文：

    

    摘要:愛(ài)德華·摩根·福斯特作為一個(gè)小說(shuō)家在現(xiàn)代英國(guó)文學(xué)乃至世界文學(xué)中占有重要的地位.在世界文壇上,他同詹姆士·喬伊斯、D.H.勞倫斯和弗吉尼亞·伍爾夫享有同等盛名.與此同時(shí),他還被稱為 20 世紀(jì)英國(guó)最偉大的小說(shuō)家之一.

    

    《印度之行》作為福斯特最負(fù)盛名的代表作之一,與其相關(guān)的文學(xué)研究舉不勝數(shù).多數(shù)評(píng)論家采用后殖民理論來(lái)對(duì)小說(shuō)中的殖民色彩進(jìn)行分析.也有評(píng)論家從文體學(xué)與精神分析學(xué)的角度對(duì)這部作品進(jìn)行分析.象征主義、女性主義等文學(xué)理論也多被用來(lái)分析這部小說(shuō).小說(shuō)中的寫作技巧以及小說(shuō)中體現(xiàn)的東西方文化差異等特征也被引起了廣泛的關(guān)注.本文擬通過(guò)運(yùn)用新歷史主義理論來(lái)研究小說(shuō)中的聯(lián)結(jié)主題.

    

    福斯特將他的生活與作品交織在一起,以自身的經(jīng)歷為靈感創(chuàng)作了多部小說(shuō).通過(guò)作品為讀者們展現(xiàn)出他所經(jīng)歷的那一段歷史.很難說(shuō)明究竟是他的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷豐富了他的小說(shuō)情節(jié)還是他的小說(shuō)內(nèi)容充實(shí)了他的個(gè)人生活.

    

    論文由四個(gè)章節(jié)組成.第一章對(duì)作者 E.M.福斯特的生平、小說(shuō)《印度之行》以及新歷史主義理論進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要得概述.有關(guān)小說(shuō)《印度之行》的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀在該章內(nèi)容中也有所介紹.

    

    第二章主要討論文本與歷史的互動(dòng)關(guān)系.該章從新歷史主義視角運(yùn)用新歷史主義學(xué)家路易斯·蒙特羅斯的"文本的歷史性"和"歷史的文本性"對(duì)小說(shuō)進(jìn)行分析."文本的歷史性"強(qiáng)調(diào)文學(xué)文本對(duì)歷史的文學(xué)解釋.文學(xué)文本與歷史之間有著一種相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系,文學(xué)文本并不是消極地反映歷史事件,而是加入對(duì)歷史意義的創(chuàng)造過(guò)程,是對(duì)政治話語(yǔ)、權(quán)利操縱、等級(jí)秩序的重新解讀."歷史的文本性"是指人們無(wú)法親身經(jīng)歷和完全了解真實(shí)的過(guò)去,只有通過(guò)相關(guān)的文本記錄.這些文本無(wú)法擺脫記錄者的主觀影響,歷史不再是客觀的歷史而是與文學(xué)文本一樣具有主觀性.

    

    第三章主要討論福斯特如何通過(guò)塑造小說(shuō)中的邊緣人物和通過(guò)邊緣人物的發(fā)聲來(lái)體現(xiàn)他的融合觀.所謂劃分"邊緣"與"中心"是相對(duì)而言的.如果以遵守社會(huì)主流意識(shí)的人物為中心,那么被摒棄于主流之外的就屬于邊緣地位.新歷史主義學(xué)家們敢于挑戰(zhàn)主流意識(shí)形態(tài)的權(quán)利話語(yǔ)并重視邊緣人物的聲音.在小說(shuō)《印度之行》中,福斯特塑造的三位主人公分別代表了處于不同地位的邊緣人物:

    

    處于弱勢(shì)群體地位的被殖民者印度醫(yī)生艾西斯;愿意同印度人成為朋友被同伴排斥的英國(guó)人菲爾丁;處于父權(quán)社會(huì)敢于追求自我獨(dú)立擁有自我探索精神的英國(guó)女性阿黛拉.福斯特通過(guò)描述邊緣人物的人際交往來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)他的聯(lián)結(jié)觀并倡導(dǎo)不同的種族可以通過(guò)和諧的人際關(guān)系來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)結(jié).

    

    第四章具體從新歷史主義的角度對(duì)《印度之行》的聯(lián)結(jié)主題進(jìn)行了總結(jié).

    

    盡管福斯特極力試圖在小說(shuō)中實(shí)現(xiàn)跨種族,跨階級(jí)的聯(lián)結(jié),但是失敗的人際交往象征著聯(lián)結(jié)的失敗.福斯特作為英國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的一員,雖有其自身的局限性,但他敢于批判英國(guó)殖民者在人際交往中表現(xiàn)出的偽善與冷漠.小說(shuō)《印度之行》充分體現(xiàn)了他實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)結(jié)的決心.

    

    關(guān)鍵詞:《印度之行》;新歷史主義;文本性與歷史性;聯(lián)結(jié)主題.

    

    Abstract:As a novelist Edward Morgan Forster (1879-1970) plays a very important role inmodern British literature. He enjoys the same world-wide reputation with James Joyce,D.H.Lawrence and Virginia Woolf. He is also known as one of the greatest Britishnovelists in the 20thcentury. A Passage to India as one of the most famous novels ofE.M.Forster attracts many Western and Chinese critics' attention. Some critics studythe novel from the perspectives of postcolonial theory and psychoanalysis; somecritics utilize the methodologies of symbolism and feminism to analyze this novel.

    

    The writing skills and the cultural differences in the novel have also been discussed.This thesis intends to use the theory of New Historicism to study the theme ofconnection in A Passage to India.

    

    E.M.Forster always intertwines his life with his works and writes down thehistory of the period as he had perceived. He bases a good deal of his fiction on hisown personal experiences that it is difficult to tell when his life furnishes material forhis fiction and when his fiction furnishes material for his life.

    

    This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter makes an introduction ofE.M.Forster, A Passage to India and New Historicism. The overseas and domesticcriticisms will also be discussed respectively.

    

    The second chapter deals with the interactions between text and history. Thischapter mainly applies the historicity of text and the textuality of history, firstly raisedby the New Historicist Louis Montrose, to analyze the novel. The historicity of textemphasizes text's literary interpretations on history. It is pointed out that there is arelationship of mutual promotion between literary text and history. A literary text isnot to reflect the historical events passively. It can help to enrich the historicalsignificance and to reinterpret the political discourse, the dominant right and thehierarchical rules of a period of certain history. The textuality of history indicates thatpeople cannot experience the past. Only by reading the related historical records canpeople have a chance to know the past. These historical records can hardly get rid ofthe subjective effects of its writers. Consequently, the history we can understand is nolonger objective.

    

    The third chapter concentrates on discussing how Forster portrays themarginalized people in the novel and how he achieves his goal of connection via thevoice of these people. The relationship between the "center" and "edge" is relative.

    

    People who follow the mainstream ideology of society occupy the center place; whilepeople who betray the mainstream ideology of society belong to marginal status. Mostof the historians ignore the voice of the marginalized people. New Historicists dare tochallenge the mainstream ideology and pay close attention to the voices of themarginalized people. In the novel, Forster portrays three different marginalizedcharacters. They are: Aziz, the colonized Indian doctor; Fielding who is willing tomake friends with Indians without racial discrimination; Adela who obtains a spirit ofindependence and self-experience in the British patriarchal society. Forster holds thatthe harmonious human relationship can help to achieve connection between differentraces.

    

    The fourth chapter makes a conclusion to the novel from the perspective of NewHistoricism. Forster tries his hard to bridge the gap between different classes anddifferent races. The failure of the human relationship indicates the failure ofconnection. Although Forster has his own limitation as a member of the Britishmiddle class, he dares to reveal the hypocrisy and indifference of English people.

    

    He shows his determination firmly to achieve connection in A Passage to India.

    

    Kew words: A Passage to India; the new historical approach; historicity and textuality;theme of connection.